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human are often considered wimps compared with our strong - jawed congenator , but now scientists find that our bites might be far mighty than before thought . Relative to our size , humans could champ down with as much force as a chimpanzee or even the so - called huge - rattle on extinct " nuthatch gentleman’s gentleman . "
One of the key trait that mark the commencement of the human lineage , other than good postures and larger brains , are humble tooth . Still , queerly , we possess very thick tooth enamel , a feature typically linked with strong bites .
The first specimen of Paranthropus boisei, also called Nutcracker Man, was reported by Mary and Louis Leakey in 1959 from a site in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.
Now researchers find that although modernistic humanity possess smaller tooth and jaws than our faithful relatives , both living and extinct , we have surprisinglypowerful bites .
Although the human skull is relatively lightly built , Australian scientist found that our jaws are at least 40 percent more effective than those of the chimp , gorilla and orangutan , and of two prehistorical members of our family , Australopithecus africanusandParanthropus boisei — the latter dub " thenutcracker man " for its especially massive skull and jaw muscles .
" For our sizing , we human being are corresponding in terminal figure of maximum pungency force to these fossil species , " say research worker Stephen Wroe , a biomechanist and paleontologist at the University of New South Wales in Sydney , Australia . " Size matters , but efficiency weigh more , and human race are very efficient biter . "
The scientist produce sophisticated 3 - dimensional data processor models from actual skull they CAT - scanned , including one from an African bushman hunting watch - collector that might well reflect what ancient humans might have been like than a experience someone . These simulations provide highly elaborate views of where stresses come about in materials in scenarios designed to mimic genuine life , a technique Wroe and his colleague have previously used to contemplate the jaw of a identification number of support and extinct species , such asthe bang-up white shark .
The efficiency of human jaw muscle explains why our skulls are not as racy as our relative , since our skulls undergo much less stress . Our knock-down bites also assist explicate why our tooth enamel is so stocky .
Although our bites are more efficient overall , some of our relatives nevertheless had substantial bite than us simply because they are larger — for instance , gorilla bite could beget forces 30 percent to more than 50 percent greater than ours . Also , while human bites are corresponding to our congeneric in terms of being able to quickly prick down to break through clear hard items like nuts , we may be less adequate to of consuming hard foods , " such as leaves or bamboo , which require free burning jaw over a long period , " Wroe articulate .
These finding throw off raw light on how we might interpret theevolution of human dietand development . Some possibilities that scientist had suggest in the past times for our little teeth and jaws include a switch to softer foods , more processing of foods with cock and cooking , or a shrinking of our jaw muscle to make way for larger brains .
" However plausible , those ideas may seem they have been free-base on very small by style of comparative data — for instance , there are no actual records of pungency force collected from living members of any other ape species , " Wroe say . " We ’ve done detailed 3 - D comparison here for the first time and , as it turns out , modern humans do n’t have a wimpish bite at all — it is very effective and sinewy . "
The scientists detailed their findings online June 22 in thejournal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
